Infinitives Vs Gerund

GERUNDS
We use gerunds (verb+ ing):
- After prepositions
- As the subject or object of a sentence
- After certain verbs: enjoy, fancy, discuss, dislike, finish, mind, suggest, recommend, keep, avoid, miss, appreciate, delay, postpone, practise, consider, can't stand, can't help, risk, admit, deny, mention, imagine, tolerate, understand, involve, complete, report, anticipate, recall.

TO + INFINITIVE
We use to + infinitive:
- After many adjectives.
- To show purpose
- After certain verbs: agree, ask*, decide, help*, plan, hope, learn, want*, would like*, promise, can afford, manage, prepare*, demand, choose, offer, wait, would hate*, would love*, seem, expect*, intend, pretend, refuse, tend, would prefer*, deserve, appear, arrange, claim.

*We can use an object before the infinitive with these verbs.

BARE INFINITIVE 
We use bare infinitive (without TO):
- After modal verbs
- After "let" and "make" and sometimes "help"
- After some verbs of perception (see, watch, hear, feel, sense)
- After expressions with "why"

Video

Links to exercises:
Infinitive Vs Gerund 1
Infinitive Vs Gerund 2
Infinitive Vs Gerund 3

Reported Speech

USES:
The reported speech is used when someone says a sentence and we want to tell someone else what the first person said before.

• If the sentence starts in present there is no backshift of tense: She says she works in an office.
• If the sentence starts in past there is backshift of tense: She said she worked in an office.

NOTE: Backshift of tense is not necessary when the sentence is still true (compare the previous examples).

REPORTING QUESTIONS:

• Wh- Questions: Keep the question word + grammar change into a normal sentence.

"Where do you live?"     -     She asked me where I lived

• Yes/No Questions: IF + grammar change into a normal sentence.

"Do you like chocolate?"     -     She asked me if I liked chocolate.

REPORTING REQUESTS:  Ask me + TO + INF

"Close the window, please"     -     She asked me to close the window.

REPORTING ORDERS:  Tell me + TO + INF

"Sit down!"     -     She told me to sit down.

ADDITIONAL CHANGES:

It is necessary to have the expressions of time changed and also the pronouns and possesives.

This - That                                                   Ago - Before

Today - That day                                         Last - The previous

These - Those                                              Here - There

Now - Then                                                 Tomorrow - The following day / The next day

Video

Links to exercises:
Reported Speech mix 1 (Easy)
Reported Speech mix 2 (Medium)
Reported Speech mix 3 (High)
Reported Speech mix 4 (Questions)
Reported Speech - Requests and orders

Statives Verbs

Some verbs are only used in simple tenses (not continuous tenses). These verbs are called stative or state verbs. They are verbs about liking or disliking something, mental states... but not actions. The verbs which show action are called dynamic.

Some verbs have both functions:

• BE: Is usually a stative verb but it can be used to show behaviour or acts. 

You are stupid (as a part of your personality)    -    You are being stupid (only now, not usually)

• HAVE: Used as a stative verb means own. Used as a dynamic verb is part of an expression.

I have a car (I own it)          -         I am having a great time (To spend time in a funny way)

• SEE: As a stative verb, see means with your eyes, understand. As a dynamic verb it means meet or have a relationship.

I see what you mean / It's dark. I can't see anything.      -      I'm seeing Rob tomorrow.

• THINK: It can mean opinion as a stative verb or consider as a dynamic verb.

I think the coffee is great.          -          I'm thinking about my next holiday destination. 

• TASTE: It can mean certain taste as a stative verb or the action of tasting as a dynamic verb. (It happens the same with smell, feel and look.)

This soup tastes delicious.          -          The chef is tasting the soup.

Here you have a list with the stative verbs and examples.

Video

Links to exercises:
Stative Verbs 1
Stative or Dynamic 1
Stative or Dynamic 2
Stative or Dynamic 3
Both Meanings

Regular Verbs

There are three different ways to pronounce the final –ed of regular verbs in past simple: /-t/, /-d/ and /-ɪd/. The pronunciation depends on the final sound of the verb in the base form.

After unvoiced/voiceless sounds such as /p/, /f/, /s/, /k/, /ʃ/, and /ʃt/ the final -ed is pronounced like /t/ as in the word cat. Note that the -e remains silent.

After voiced sounds such as /b/, /g/, /v/, /z/, /ʓ/, /dʓ/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /l/, /đ/, /r/ and vowel sounds the final –ed sound is pronounced like /d/ as in good. Note that the –e remains silent.

For verbs ending in /d/ and /t/ the final -ed is pronounced /Id/ as in the final two letters of the word did. Note here that the -e is not silent and this final /-ed/sound adds another syllable to the end of the verb.

Regular Verbs Pronunciation (Click to video)

Irregular verbs

83 MOST USED IRREGULAR VERBS: 

https://englishforgeniuses.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/lista-de-verbos-irregulares-en-inglecc81s.pdf

Links to list:
Irregular verbs 1
Irregular verbs 2
Irregular verbs 3
Irregular verbs 4
Irregular verbs 5
Irregular verbs 6
Irregular verbs 7
Irregular verbs 8
Irregular verbs 9
Irregular verbs 10
Irregular verbs 11
Irregular verbs 12
Irregular verbs 13
Irregular verbs 14
Irregular verbs 15
Irregular verbs 16
Irregular verbs 17
Irregular verbs 18
Irregular verbs 19


Links to exercises:
Irregular verbs exercise 1
Irregular verbs exercise 2
Irregular verbs exercise 3
Irregular verbs exercise 4
Irregular verbs exercise 5
Irregular verbs exercise 6
Irregular verbs exercise 7


Link to video:
Irregular verbs YOUTUBE

Months and Days

VOCABULARY

MONTHS OF THE YEAR

January - Enero

February - Febrero

March - Marzo

April - Abril

May - Mayo

June - Junio

July - Julio

August - Agosto

September - Septiembre

October - Octubre

November - Noviembre

December - Diciembre

VIDEO

DAYS OF THE WEEK

Monday - Lunes

Tuesday - Martes

Wednesday - Miércoles

Thursday - Jueves

Friday - Viernes

Saturday - Sábado

Sunday - Domingo

VIDEO

Ordinal Numbers

VOCABULARY

Los números ordinales se usan para indicar el orden de las cosas.

Para crear los números ordinales sólo debemos añadir "th" al número cardinal.

EXCEPTIONS:

One - First

Two - Second

Three - Third

Five - Fifth

Eight - Eighth

Nine - Ninth

Twelve - Twelfth

En los números ordinales compuestos sólo se escribe en forma ordinal la última figura.

EJEMPLO:

Four hundred and twenty-one   --  Four hundred and twenty-first

Si queremos escribir los números ordinales con cifra, escribiremos el número cardinal seguido de las dos últimas letras de cómo se escribe en ordinal.

EXAMPLES:

First - 1st

Second - 2nd

Third - 3rd

Twenty-sixth - 26th

Hundred and ten - 110th

Ordinal numbers(Click para ver el vídeo)

Cardinal Numbers

VOCABULARY

One - Uno (1)

Two - Dos (2)

Three - Tres (3)

Four - Cuatro (4)

Five - Cinco (5)

Six - Seis  (6)

Seven - Siete (7)

Eight - Ocho (8)

Nine - Nueve (9)

Ten - Diez (10)

Eleven - Once (11)

Twelve - Doce (12)

Thirteen - Trece (13)

Fourteen - Catorce (14)

Fifteen - Quince (15)

Sixteen - Dieciséis (16)

Seventeen - Diecisiete (17)

Eighteen - Dieciocho (18)

Nineteen - Diecinueve (19)

Los números a partir del 20 son números regulares, es decir, no varían.

Twenty - Veinte (20)

Twenty-One - Veintiuno (21)

Twenty-Two - Veintidós (22)

Twenty-Three - Veintitrés (23)

                .....

Twenty-Nine - Veintinueve (29)

Y así hasta el 30 que continúa igual hasta 100.

Thirty - Treinta (30)

Forty - Cuarenta (40)

Fifty - Cincuenta (50)

Sixty - Sesenta (60)

Seventy - Setenta (70)

Eighty - Ochenta (80)

Ninety - Noventa (90)

A partir del 100 se añade "and" y las decenas regulares. Así hasta 1000.

One hundred - Cien (100)

One hundred and one - Ciento uno (101)

            .....

One hundred and twelve - Ciento doce (112)

             .....

One hundred and forty - Ciento cuarenta (140)

             .....

Two hundred - Doscientos (200)

Three hundred - Trescientos (300)

             .....

Nine hundred - Novecientos (900)

One thousand - Mil (1000)

EJEMPLOS:

One hundred and eighty- one - Ciento ochenta y uno (181)

One thousand, two hundred and fifty-four - Mil doscientos cincuenta y cuatro (1254)

Sixty-Five - Sesenta y cinco (65)

Five hundred and sixty-seven - Quinientos sesenta y siete (567)

The Big Numbers (Click para ver el vídeo)

Colours

VOCABULARY

Claro - Light

Oscuro - Dark

Acerado - Steelblue

Amarillo - Yellow

Añil - Indigo

Azul - Blue

Azul cobalto - Cobalt blue

Azul marino - Navy blue

Azul verdoso (Aguamarina) - Aquamarine

Beige - Beige

Berenjena - Eggplant/Blue Violet

Blanco - White

Castaño - Chesnut

Carmesí - Crimson

Carne - Flesh

Celeste - Sky blue

Ciruela - Plum

Coral - Coral

Crema - Bisque

Cyan - Cyan

Dorado - Gold

Fucsia - Fuchsia/Deep pink

Granate - Maroon 

Gris - Grey (UK)/ Gray (US)

Lavanda - Lavender

Magenta - Magenta

Marfil - Ivory

Marrón - Brown

Morado - Purple

Naranja - Orange

Negro - Black

Ocre - Ochre

Pajizo - Cornsilk

Plateado - Silver

Rojo - Red

Rojo pasión/Escarlata - Scarlet

Rosa - Pink

Salmón - Salmon

Sepia - Sepia

Siena - Sienna

Turquesa - Turquoise

Verde - Green

Verde lima - Lime

Verde oliva - Olive

Verde azulado - Teal

Verde amarillento - Chartreuse

Verde musgo - Moss green

Violeta - Violet

Colours (Click to video)

Trinity : Grade 4

Os presento unas preguntas tipo para el examen oficial GESE de Trinity College para el nivel 4.

Como recomendación personal os dejo un enlace a una empresa de extraescolares que trabaja dicho tipo de examen, además de otras actividades:

http://www.activa.org/servicios/activa-idiomas/

El examen consta de una conversación general y la presentación de un topic o tema, del interés del alumno. En total el examen es de 10 minutos de duración. Aquí tenéis un enlace con un archivo que os puede ayudar con el vocabulario necesario y ejemplos de materiales prácticos, sacados de la propia web oficial de TRINITY COLLEGE.

 http://www.trinitycollege.com/resource/?id=5649

Hello!.......
Good morning/ afternoon!...............
How are you?.............
Can I have your topic form, please? (Questions about topic).
Where did you go for holidays last year?
What’s the job of your father?
Where does your mother work?
What do you like doing in summer?
Please, tell me what did you do last weekend.
What are some of the differences between England and Spain?
Let’s look the picture.
What are these people going to do?
What do you like doing on the beach?
What’s your favourite hobby?
How often do you practise it?
Thank you very much. Nice to meet you. Good bye.

MORE QUESTIONS: 
What’s this?
Have you got any pet? What’s the name of your dog/cat…?
What was the weather like yesterday?
Do you like listening to music? Which kind of music?
 What’s your father’s job? What does your mother do?
What are you going to do next summer?
How often do you buy new clothes?
What do you like about your hobby? I collect postcards of places I visit. Do you collect anything?
Do you like reading?What sort of books do you like?
Do you like going to the cinema? What sort of films do you like?
When was the last time you went to the cinema?
Where’s your favourite place to go on holiday?
 Where does an engineer / dentist / footballer/ teacher / lawyer work?

AQUÍ ESTÁ EL TOPIC FORM DEL QUE SE HABLA EN LA ENTREVISTA. ES LA PARTE A ENTREGAR EN EL EXAMEN SOBRE EL TEMA QUE VAMOS A DESARROLLAR EN ESTE NIVEL.

ALGUNOS VÍDEOS DE LOS EXÁMENES (Click en el título):

Trinity College London Grade 4

Trinity College London Grade 4

Trinity : Grade 3

Os presento unas preguntas tipo para el examen oficial GESE de Trinity College para el nivel 3.

Como recomendación personal os dejo un enlace a una empresa de extraescolares que trabaja dicho tipo de examen, además de otras actividades:

 http://www.activa.org/servicios/activa-idiomas/

El examen consta de una conversación general de 7 minutos de duración. Aquí tenéis un enlace con un archivo que os puede ayudar con el vocabulario necesario y ejemplos de materiales prácticos, sacados de la propia web oficial de TRINITY COLLEGE.

http://www.trinitycollege.com/resource/?id=5650

Hello!.......
Good morning/ afternoon!...............
How are you?.............
My name’s _________. What’s your name?...................
This is your first Trinity exam?
Where do you live?
Is that near hear?
What’s the weather like today?............... Is it cold?......
And what about yesterday?
What do you do when you get home from school?
What do you do Fridays/ Saturdays…?
What time is it?
What’s the name of your best friend?................ Tell me about him/her.
Let’s look at this picture. What are these people doing?
When’s your birthday?
What time do you go to bed?
What did you do last weekend?
Where’s the toilet?
Put this pencil behind your chair.
Can you play the piano?
Thank you very much. Good bye.

MORE QUESTIONS:
Please, stand up and touch the window.
Have you got any brothers or sisters? Describe him/her.
Where are you from?
What time do you have lunch?
What did you do yesterday?
Is it sunny now?
What do you do after school?
Look at this picture. Where’s the tree?
When’s your birthday?

Links to videos:
Trinity College London Grade 3
Trinity College London Grade 3

Trinity : Grade 2

Os presento unas preguntas tipo para el examen oficial GESE de Trinity College para el nivel 2.

Como recomendación personal os dejo un enlace a una empresa de extraescolares que trabaja dicho tipo de examen, además de otras actividades:

 http://www.activa.org/servicios/activa-idiomas/

El examen consta de una conversación general de 6 minutos de duración. Aquí tenéis un enlace con un archivo que os puede ayudar con el vocabulario necesario y ejemplos de materiales prácticos, sacados de la propia web oficial de TRINITY COLLEGE.

http://www.trinitycollege.com/resource/?id=5650

 Hello!.......
Good morning/ afternoon!...............
How are you?.............
My name’s _________. What’s your name?...................
How old are you?...........
Are you happy today?...........
Where are you from?
Have you got any brothers or sisters?
What’s his/her name?
How old is he/she?
Please look at this picture: How many people are there?
Where are they?
What are they doing?
Have you got any pets? OK, tell me about it.
What do you have for breakfast?
What number is this?................. And this?
 The boy in the picture is wearing green shoes?
What’s he wearing?
Put the white rubber under your chair.
Where’s my notebook? And the book?
Thank you very much. Good bye.

MORE QUESTIONS:
Where do you come from?
What does your father do?
Where do you live?
Where is my jacket?
How many pens are there on the table?
What’s this?
What day is it today?
Describe this classroom.
Tell me: the months of the year. the cardinal numbers up to ten.
Which are the days of the week?
What’s your mother’s job?
What time is it?
What’s the weather like today?
Look at the picture. Where are they?
What’s its name?
 When’s your birthday?

Links to videos:
Trinity College London Grade 2
Trinity College London Grade 2

Trinity : Grade 1

Os presento unas preguntas tipo para el examen oficial GESE de Trinity College para el nivel 1.

Como recomendación personal os dejo un enlace a una empresa de extraescolares que trabaja dicho tipo de examen, además de otras actividades:

http://www.activa.org/servicios/activa-idiomas/

El examen consta de una conversación general de 5 minutos de duración. Aquí tenéis un enlace con un archivo que os puede ayudar con el vocabulario necesario y ejemplos de materiales prácticos, sacados de la propia web oficial de TRINITY COLLEGE.

http://www.trinitycollege.com/resource/?id=5650

Hello!.......
Good morning/ afternoon!...............
How are you?.............
My name’s _________. What’s your name?...................
How old are you?
Stand up please and go to the door.
Touch the door.
Sit down again, please.
What’s that? (mostrar o señalar algún objeto cotidiano de la clase).
What colour is that? And this one?
How many pens are there? (mostrar varios lápices y bolígrafos).
Show me your hands.
What’s this? (tarjetas de partes del cuerpo o animales).
Look at me. I have a white short and a black jacket. And you?
Thank you very much. Good bye.

MORE QUESTIONS: 
Where are you from?
Is it Monday?
How many cows/ people/ fish are there in the picture?
Have you got a brother? And a sister?
Put this picture under the table.
Take the green pen.
What are you wearing?
Give me the green/red/yellow pencil.
What colour is your T-shirt?
What colour is your hair?
What colour are my eyes?
What colour is your best friend’s hair?
What colour are the eyes of your sister?
What’s this? (parts of the body and animals).
Point to the window.
Point to the clock.
Touch the table.

Links to videos:
Trinity College London - Grade 1
Trinity Collegue London Grade 1